![]() ![]() (1) Before the Renaissance, this distinction was difficult to make because the systems were very simple. Importantly, Whitfield Diffie points out that a critical advance in cryptography was made during the Renaissance by Leon Battista Alberti (1404 – 1472): the distinction between a cryptographic key and a cryptographic system. Homophonic substitution with unusual symbols What is hardly likely to be covered: Straddling checkerboards (fractionation) Vigenère cipher- polyalphabetic substitution What is very likely going to be covered in an introductory textbook: Caesar cipher- monoalphabetic substitution The Hill cipher, which opens a new dimension, that of a polygraphic substitution cipher based on algebra. VIC cipher, a complex cipher using a lagged Fibonacci generator, columnar transpositions, a straddling checkerboard, and mod 10 chain addition-all constructed from memorized information. The affine cipher, a monoalphabetic substitution cipher ADFGVX used a Polybius square for fractionation, columnar transposition, and alphabetical transposition The ADFGX and ADFGVX ciphers, ciphers used by Germany in World War I. The bifid and trifid ciphers, the bifid uses a Polybius square and transposition the trifid uses fractionation and transposition Playfair cipher, a digram substitution cipher The one-time pad is not a cipher by today's standards. The one-time pad, an encryption technique and model. ![]() Vigenère autokey cipher, a keyword is used to make the keystream and the original plaintextĬolumnar transposition, writing out a message in rows and columns to transpose it Vigenère cipher, a kind of polyalphabetic substitution Homophonic substitution, mapping plaintext letters to more than one ciphertext letter ![]() The tabula recta, a square table that defines a polyalphabetic cipherĭella Porta's bigraphic substitution, a kind of polygraphic substitution The Caesar cipher, a keyed substitution cipherĬodebooks, a book for storing cryptographic codes The Polybius Square, for fractionating plaintext characters The Scytale, a tool to perform a transposition cipher If you look at introductory cryptography texts, you will usually see some of the same ciphers, methods, and cryptographic tools covered in a chapter on classical cryptography: Cryptography as we know it today dates from the Renaissance, in a certain sense, in a mathematical sense. ![]()
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